在托福阅读的8种题型中，句子简化题一直是让人觉得比较棘手的题目， 而我们对于句子简化题的理解，往往是从句子的逻辑关系开始着手的，那么逻辑关系或者是逻辑关系词，对我们做简化题的帮助有多大呢？是否能通过理解逻辑就能完全掌握句子简化题呢？今天我们就来看看带有逻辑的简化题应该怎么去理解
话题1. 题干的分析
所有的简化题的题干都是一样的内容：“Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.”
题干的要求是找到和原文的主要信息一致的选项，那么问题来了，一段文字的主要信息体现在哪些方面呢？首先当然是文字的主干，也就是主谓宾，其次就是这段文字中的逻辑关系了。
举个例子：“虽然我没有钱，但是我很快乐”VS“因为我没有钱，所以我很快乐”，这两句话的主干部分都是差不多的，区别就在于它们的逻辑词，所以表达的意思就天差地别，我们来具体看一道题目（选自TPO 3-2）：
Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information
A.Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.
B.Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.
C.Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.
D.Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.
话题2. 做题方法：
我们先来分析文章中的原句，句中有一个明显的逻辑词 but，它把原句分成了两个部分，虽然&但是，我们分别来做简化：
虽然：Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron；
但是：under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.
虽然的部分比较容易理解，简化之后剩下“the aquifer contains enough water ”，意思是aquifer里面含有足够的水，而但是的部分中，前面的"under..." 和后面的“amounting to about half a centimeter a year”都是修饰句子的状语成分，在简化句子的时候都可以先不看，只需要留下中间的主干部分“rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal”，意思是增加率很小
所以文章原句就简化成了：
虽然 aquifer里面含有足够的水，但是 水的增加率很小；
按照同样的方式去拆分并简化选项：
A. 尽管：aquifer size is impressive ，但是: the rates of water addition very small.；
B. 尽管：the aquifer has been adding water only half a centimeter，但是 ：it will eventually accumulate enough water；
C. 因为：present climatic conditions，所以：water is being added to the aquifer；
D. 就算：region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions，然而： the rates of addition of water continue to increase；
我们对应着来看，虽然对应虽然，但是对应但是，那么很明显A选项能够反映出文章中的“虽然含有足够的水，但水的增加率很小” 的这层意思，所以正确答案是A选项。
所以我们做带有明显逻辑关系的这种简化题的时候，关键就是两个字：对应，就是文中的虽然对应选项的虽然，文中的但是对应选项的但是，其它类似的逻辑词也是这样处理，因为出题人最喜欢的就是把前后颠倒，看学生能不能正确的区分逻辑，那是不是所有的带逻辑词的简化题，都可以这么来做呢？有没有反例的存在呢？这个问题大家来留言讨论吧，下一期我们来进一步聊聊逻辑词的误导性的问题~